JAK-STAT signaling pathway inhibition: a role for treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis

Background Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) and dermatomyositis (DM) are inflammatory autoimmune diseases that manifest primarily in the skin but can be linked to systemic complications. Although there is an in- depth understanding of the clinical presentation of these two diseases, much less is known regarding the pathophysiology. This has limited the effective treatment options for patients. Objective An understanding of the pathogenesis of each disease in greater detail will lead to newer targeted medications with less morbidity. This review article endeavors to substantiate the use of new treatments which target the JAK- STAT pathway while elaborating on the immunopathology as well. Methods PubMed was searched for relevant review articles, case reports, case series reports, randomized clinical trials (RCTs), basic science articles. Appropriate key terms and MeSH terms were utilized in the search. Clinicaltrials. gov was used to find relevant and current clinical trials being conducted in DLE and DM patients. Results A review of the literature supports the proposal that though there are likely many components and pathways involved in the destruction of keratinocytes, the Th1 cell immune response and specifically the JAK- STAT signaling pathway is common to both DLE and DM. Conclusion Although further study is needed to determine the efficacy and benefits of JAK inhibitors over conventional therapy, these medications should be considered in refractory cases.