Systematic detection of polyvascular disease combined with aggressive secondary prevention in patients presenting with severe coronary artery disease: The randomized AMERICA Study

Background: The prevalence and associated-risk of asymptomatic multisite artery disease (MSAD) in high risk coronary patients are unknown. Whether systematic identification and aggressive management of asymptomatic MSAD is clinically relevant in high risk coronary patients has not been evaluated. Methods: We randomly assigned 521 high risk coronary patients defined by the presence of three-vessel coronary disease (n=304) or recent acute coronary syndrome beyond the age of 75 years (n=215) to either a strategy of systematic detection of asymptomatic MSAD combined with an aggressive secondary prevention (n = 263) or to a more conventional strategy based on treatment of coronary artery disease only with standard of care (n = 258). The primary end point was the time to first occurrence of death, any organ failure or ischemic event leading to re-hospitalization through two years of follow-up. Results: The pro-active strategy identified asymptomatic MSAD in 21.7% of patients with few revascularizations (3.6%); the pro-active pharmacological secondary prevention was obtained in >85% of patients and life-style changes in <60% of patients. At 2-year follow-up, the primary end point occurred in 44.9% of patients in the pro-active group and 43.0% of patients in the conventional group (HR 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80 to 1.34]. The rate of major bleeding did not differ significantly between groups (4.6% vs 5.0%; HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.40 to 1.91). Conclusion: In high risk coronary patients, there is no apparent benefit of a systematic detection of asymptomatic extra-coronary atherothrombotic disease and intensified treatment over a 2-year follow-up period. (c) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.