Cytotoxicity, leishmanicidal, and antioxidant activity of biosynthesised zinc sulphide nanoparticles using Phoenix dactylifera

The synthesis of zinc sulphide nanoparticles (ZnS NPs) using a green approach was explored. The resulting nanoparticles (NPs) were characterised by UV-vis spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The leishmanicidal, cytotoxic and antioxidant activity of the resulting synthesised ZnS NPs (<70nm) were evaluated against Leishmania major (L. major) promastigotes and amastigotes by MTT assay and using a macrophage model. The ZnS NPs were able to counteract the effects of oxidative metabolites as demonstrated by the oxidant activity. The IC50 value of butylated hydroxyanisole was 26.04 mu g/ml as compared with the IC50 for ZnS NPs (90.95 mu g/ml). The NPs displayed no cytotoxicity for the murine macrophaghes as the selectivity index (SI) fell into the safety range (SI10). These nanomaterials exhibited good antileishmanial activity against the L. major stages that were comparable to that of Glucantime, the drug of choice. The IC50 values of ZnS NPs and Glucantime against amastigotes were 11.59 +/- 2.51 and 4.95 +/- 2.51g/ml, respectively. The IC50 values for ZnS NPs and Glucantime versus promastigote were 29.81 +/- 3.15 and 14.75 +/- 4.05g/ml, respectively. Further investigation is essential to explore the biological effects of ZnS NPs on animal and/or clinical models.