期刊
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS
卷 33, 期 1, 页码 245-256出版社
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2705187
关键词
Electricity market; energy storage siting; energy storage sizing; profitability of energy storage; tri-level optimization; transmission expansion planning
资金
- ARPA-E Green Electricity Network Integration (GENI) [DE-FOA-0000473]
- U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
- Croatian Science Foundation
- Croatian TSO (HOPS) [I-2583-2015]
Suitably located energy storage systems are able to collect significant revenue through spatiotemporal arbitrage in congested transmission networks. However, transmission capacity expansion can significantly reduce or eliminate this source of revenue. Investment decisions bymerchant storage operators must, therefore, account for the consequences of potential investments in transmission capacity by central planners. This paper presents a tri-levelmodel to co-optimizemerchant electrochemical storage siting and sizing with centralized transmission expansion planning. The upper level takes the merchant storage owner's perspective and aims to maximize the lifetime profits of the storage, while ensuring a given rate of return on investments. The middle level optimizes centralized decisions about transmission expansion. The lower level simulates market clearing. The proposed model is recast as a bi-level equivalent, which is solved using the column-andconstraint generation technique. A case study based on a 240-bus, 448-line testbed of the Western Electricity Coordinating Council interconnection demonstrates the usefulness of the proposed tri-level model.
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