期刊
GASTROENTEROLOGY
卷 148, 期 6, 页码 1107-1119出版社
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.12.036
关键词
Anti-Inflammatory; Inflammation; Malnutrition; Metabolome; Western Diet
资金
- Tyrolean Science Fund [UNI-0404-1480]
There is increasing evidence that ingested diet-borne components are involved in the pathogenesis of disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases, atherosclerosis, and type 2 diabetes. Nutrients can have short-and long-term effects in shaping the composition of the microbiota. Western diets (enriched in fat, phosphatidylcholine, and L-carnitine) promote inflammation and atherosclerosis through specific fatty acids and degradation products such as trimethylamine Noxide. Other dietary factors such as carbazoles or tryptophan-enriched proteins have anti-inflammatory properties-partly via activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptors. The microbiota and its metabolic machinery produce a myriad of metabolites that serve as important messengers between the diet, microbiota, and host. Short-chain fatty acids affect immune responses and epithelial integrity via Gprotein-coupled receptors and epigenetic mechanisms. By increasing our understanding of interactions between diet, immunity, and the microbiota, we might develop food-based approaches to prevent or treat many diseases. There now is scientific evidence to support the adage we are what we eat, and this process begins in early life.
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