期刊
APPLIED ECONOMICS LETTERS
卷 22, 期 5, 页码 349-355出版社
ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/13504851.2014.943877
关键词
urbanization; economic growth; heterogeneous panel causality; O55; O54; O18; C23
类别
Heterogeneous panel causality tests are employed to consider the relationship between urbanization change and economic growth. Urbanization causes economic growth in high-income countries, but noncausality could not be rejected for both middle-income and Latin American countries. A bi-directional, equilibrium relationship is observed for low-income, predominately African countries where economic growth has a positive, causal effect on urbanization, but where urbanization has a negative, causal effect on economic growth. Hence, urbanization and economic growth either co-evolve in low-income/African and high-income countries, or else the two processes are decoupled for middle-income and Latin American countries.
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