期刊
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING
卷 12, 期 3, 页码 557-570出版社
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JSTSP.2018.2823267
关键词
Low-resolution digital-to-analog converter (DAC); massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO); one-bit precoding; quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM); symbol error rate (SER); symbol-level precoding; zero-forcing (ZF)
资金
- Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada via a Steacie Fellowship
- Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [11671419, 11688101]
The use of low-resolution digital-to-analog converters (DACs) for transmit precoding provides crucial energy efficiency advantage for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) implementation. This paper formulates a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation range and a one-bit symbol-level precoding design problem for minimizing the average symbol error rate (SER) in downlink massive MIMO transmission. A tight upper bound for the SER with low-resolution DAC precoding is first derived. The derived expression suggests that the performance degradation of one-bit precoding can be interpreted as a decrease in the effective minimum distance of the QAM constellation. Using the obtained SER expression, we propose a QAM constellation range design for the single-user case. It is shown that in the massive MIMO limit, a reasonable choice for constellation range with one-bit precoding is that of the infinite-resolution precoding with per-symbol power constraint, but reduced by a factor of root 2/pi or about 0.8. The corresponding minimum distance reduction translates to about a 2 dB gap between the performance of one-bit precoding and infinite-resolution precoding. This paper further proposes a low-complexity heuristic algorithm for the one-bit precoder design. Finally, the proposed QAM constellation range and precoder design are generalized to the multiuser downlink. We propose to scale the constellation range for the infinite-resolution zero-forcing (ZF) precoding with per-symbol power constraint by the same factor of root 2/pi for one-bit precoding. The proposed one-bit precoding scheme is shown to be within 2 dB of infiniteresolution ZF. In term of number of antennas, one-bit precoding requires about 50% more antennas to achieve the same performance as infinite-resolution precoding.
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