Investigation of Inclined Turbulators for Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Solar Air Heater

In the present study, the effect of forward inclined turbulators on the heat transfer enhancement in a duct is investigated, for forced convection. Turbulator configurations with three different pitch ratios and three different inclination angles are investigated for seven Reynolds numbers within the range 500-50,000. Investigations are performed experimentally as well as computationally, within a computational fluid dynamics framework. A distinguishing feature of the latter has been the employment of a turbulence model, the transitional shear stress transport model that is applicable throughout the presently considered range of Reynolds numbers containing laminar, transitional, and turbulent regions. At the beginning of the study, measurements and predictions are validated against analytical and empirical expressions known fora;plain duct. The results obtained for turbulators configurations indicate that Nusselt number increases with the inclination angle but decreases with the pitch ratio. The influence of the inclination angle on the Nusselt number and thermal enhancement factor is found to be stronger than that of the pitch ratio. For all Reynolds numbers and for all configurations, the thermohydraulic performance is observed to increase, leading to thermal enhancement factors within the range 2-5.In all cases, a quite good agreement of the predictions and experiments is observed, which increases the confidence in the accuracy of both approaches