Do more foreign strategic investors and more directors improve the earnings smoothing? The case of China

Since 2004, Chinese government requests the local banks to invite foreign financial institutions to be one or more of the large shareholders in the local banks. These foreign financial institutions are commonly referred to as the foreign strategic investors (FSIs), whose aim is to improve the performance and governance of the local banks. This study investigates whether FSIs can influence the earnings smoothing (ES) of local Chinese banks, which is dubbed as the FSI effect. If such effect is observed, we examine whether the transmission is achieved through the accounting quality channel (i.e., more FSIs reduce Chinese banks' ES) or the safety and soundness channel (i.e., more FSIs strengthen these banks' ES). We use data from 102 local banks from 2006 to 2011 to examine the PSI effect and the two channels by considering banks with zero, one, and two FSls. Our results support the safety and soundness channel, indicating that more FSIs enhance ES and a stronger PSI effect for banks with more FSIs and more FSI directors. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.