期刊
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
卷 80, 期 -, 页码 600-617出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.06.057
关键词
alpha-lipoic acid (LA); Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella); Immune function; Excessive LA; Head kidney; Spleen; Skin
资金
- National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2014CB138600]
- National Department Public Benefit Research Foundation (Agriculture) of China [201003020]
- Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System [CARS-45]
- Outstanding Talents and Innovative Team of Agricultural Scientific Research (Ministry of Agriculture), Science and Technology Support Program of Sichuan Province of China [2014NZ0003]
- Major Scientific and Technological Achievement Transformation Project of Sichuan Province of China [2013NC0045]
- Foundation of Sichuan Youth Science and Technology Innovation Research Team [2017TD0002]
- Demonstration of Major Scientific and Technological Achievement Transformation Project of Sichuan Province of China [2015CC0011]
- modern agricultural industry technology system of Sichuan freshwater fish innovation team
This study was for the first time to investigate the effects of alpha-lipoic acid (LA) on growth and immune function of head kidney, spleen and skin in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 healthy grass carp (with initial body weight at 216.59 +/- 0.33 g) were randomly divided into six groups and fed six separate diets with graded dietary levels of LA for 70 days. Un-supplemented group did not find LA and its concentrations in the other five diets were 203.25, 403.82, 591.42, 781.25 and 953.18 mg kg(-1), respectively. After the growth trial, fish were challenged with A. hydraphila for 14 days. The results showed that, compared with the unsupplemented group, optimal LA improved lysozyme (LZ) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities, enhanced complement 3 (C3), C4 and immunoglobulin (Ig) M contents and up-regulated hepcidin, liver expressed antimicrobial peptide (LEAP)-2A, LEAP-2B and beta-defensin-1 mRNA levels in the head kidney, spleen and skin of young grass carp; meanwhile, optimal LA up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokines transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, interleukin (IL)-4/13A (not IL-4/13B), IL-10 and IL-11 mRNA levels partly related to target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling and down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interferon (IFN)-epsilon 2, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p40 (not IL-12p35), IL-15 (not in the skin) and IL-17D mRNA levels partially associated with nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) signaling in the head kidney, spleen and skin of young grass carp. Above results indicated that optimal LA enhanced the immune function of head kidney, spleen and skin in fish. Interestingly, excessive LA decreased the growth and impaired the immune function of head kidney, spleen and skin in fish. Finally, on the basis of the percent weight gain (PWG), the ability against skin hemorrhage and lesion, the IgM content in the head kidney and the LZ activity in the spleen, the optimal dietary LA levels were estimated to be 315.37, 382.33, 353.19 and 318.26 mg kg(-1) diet, respectively.
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