Post-contrast acute kidney injury. Part 2: risk stratification, role of hydration and other prophylactic measures, patients taking metformin and chronic dialysis patients

The Contrast Media Safety Committee (CMSC) of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) has updated its 2011 guidelines on the prevention of post-contrast acute kidney injury (PC-AKI). The results of the literature review and the recommendations based on it, which were used to prepare the new guidelines, are presented in two papers. Topics reviewed include stratification of PC-AKI risk, the need to withdraw nephrotoxic medication, PC-AKI prophylaxis with hydration or drugs, the use of metformin in diabetic patients receiving contrast medium and the need to alter dialysis schedules in patients receiving contrast medium. In CKD, hydration reduces the PC-AKI risk Intravenous normal saline and intravenous sodium bicarbonate provide equally effective prophylaxis No drugs have been consistently shown to reduce the risk of PC-AKI Stop metformin from the time of contrast medium administration if eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73 m (2) Dialysis schedules need not change when intravascular contrast medium is given.