期刊
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
卷 39, 期 4, 页码 592-630出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuv009
关键词
heme; siderophores; xenosiderophores; inorganic iron; substrate-binding protein; ABC transporter; sideromycin; vaccine; Staphylococcus aureus; Bacillus anthracis; Listeria monocytogenes; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Corynebacterium diphtheriae
类别
资金
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council
- CIHR Frederick Banting & Charles Best Doctoral Research Award
- Ontario Graduate Scholarship
Iron is a versatile redox-active catalyst and a required cofactor within a diverse array of biological processes. To almost all organisms, iron is both essential and potentially toxic, where homeostatic concentrations must be stringently maintained. Within the iron-restricted host, the survival and proliferation of microbial invaders is contingent upon exploiting the host iron pool. Bacteria express a multitude of complex, and often redundant means of acquiring iron, including surface-associated heme-uptake pathways, high affinity iron-scavenging siderophores and transporters of free inorganic iron. Within the last decade, our understanding of iron acquisition by Gram-positive pathogens has expanded substantively, from the discovery of the iron-regulated surface-determinant pathway and numerous unique siderophores through to the detailed elucidation of heme-iron extraction, and heme and siderophore coordination and transfer. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the iron acquisition strategies of notorious Gram-positive pathogens and highlights how both conserved and distinct tactics for acquiring iron contribute to the pathophysiology of these bacteria. Further, a focus on recent structural and mechanistic studies details how these iron acquisition systems may be exploited in the development of novel therapeutics.
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