期刊
CHILD DEVELOPMENT
卷 86, 期 4, 页码 1080-1093出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12361
关键词
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资金
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [1R03HD077155-01]
- Amini Foundation
- Norway-America Association
- UC Berkeley Institute of Human Development
- Greater Good Science Center
Theories about the development of helping make different assumptions about infants' everyday experiences. Yet little research has investigated early helping at home. Two studies investigated the presence, encouragement, and social reinforcement of helping in 11- to 25-month-old infants in U.S. middle-class families. In Study 1, 76 mothers provided descriptions of infant helping. Study 2 involved videotaping of naturalistic interactions in 51 families. From around the first birthday, most infants helped at home. Instances of helping were frequently accompanied by encouragement, thanking, or praising. Longitudinal and cross-sectional findings were consistent with the view that family members' involvement contributes to infant helping, although the role of family members may depend on infant age. These findings have implications for theories and research about infant helping.
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