It has been argued that children who possess an advanced theory of mind (ToM) are viewed positively by their peers, but the empirical findings are mixed. This meta-analysis of 20 studies including 2,096 children (aged from 2years, 8months to 10years) revealed a significant overall association (r=.19) indicating that children with higher ToM scores were also more popular in their peer group. The effect did not vary with age. The effect was weaker for boys (r=.12) compared to girls (r=.30). ToM was more strongly associated with popularity (r=.23) than with rejection (r=.13). These findings confirm that ToM development has significant implications for children's peer relationships.
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