Shall I open the window? Policy implications of thermal-comfort adjustment practices in residential buildings

In Germany, policy-makers are not achieving the results expected from the implementation of energy-saving policies in buildings. In fact, energy retrofit of residential dwellings, ceteris paribus, results in a new socio-technical system characterized by higher room temperatures. In the new environment, individuals might change their type of interaction with the building and exert a certain level of effort to adapt to the new comfort situation depending on their previous practices. Some of the new practices, such as opening the window when it is too warm, might explain why energy-saving policies in buildings are not leading to the desired results. In this paper, by means of a Discrete Choice Experiment conducted among 3161 tenants and owner-occupiers in Germany, we investigate preferences for practices implemented to adjust thermal comfort in retrofitted buildings. Our results reveal a mix of behaviors in response to energy retrofits, some of which may offset energy savings (e.g. tilting the window) while others have more benign effects (e.g. wearing lighter clothes).