Stochastic dynamic simulation of a novel hybrid thermal-compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system (T-CCES) integrated with a wind farm

Renewable energy (RE) penetration growth without energy storage system (ESS) is restricted due to its poor dispatchability. Compressed air energy storage system (CAES) is one of the promising ESS technologies. But, low energy density and high mechanical inertia confined its application as a bulk ESS. In this paper, a novel hybrid thermal-compressed supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage (T-CCES) system is proposed to address CAES shortcomings. In this system, a stratified water thermal energy storage (TES) is employed to store both released heat of compression process and high-frequency reluctant power of a wind farm (which cannot be followed by CCES) using electrical heaters. A dynamic simulation is performed to evaluate system characteristics in steady wind generation condition and in a real wind generation condition. Stochastic simulation of the proposed system integrated with a real wind farm is also fulfilled to assess its characteristics and performance by considering uncertainties using sparse polynomial chaos expansion. Additionally, global sensitivity analysis via Sobol' indices is conducted to identify the most important parameters of the system. Results show that the system can store wind power during off-peak hours and smoothly releases it into the grid with 57.55% round-trip efficiency (RTE) and 84.1 kWh/m(3) energy density. Uncertainty quantification results indicate that the system can properly work under uncertainties with standard deviation of 55.72-58.16% RTE and 83.7-86.5 kWh/m(3) energy density. Moreover, results show that the random production of wind turbine has a negligible effect on performance characteristics of the T-CCES which makes it a promising solution for integration with wind farms.