Biobased Cadaverine as a Green Template in the Synthesis of NiO/ZSM-5 Nanocomposites for Removal of Petroleum Asphaltenes: Financial Analysis, Isotherms, and Kinetics Study

Asphaltene deposition is crucial for the production and refining of crude oil. Numerous studies have been carried out to prevent asphaltene deposition using inhibitors which not only show great effectiveness in suppressing asphaltene precipitation but are also environmentally friendly. In accordance with this objective, the effect of NiO/ZSM-5 nanocomposites as an innovative green adsorbent was experimentally tested to eliminate asphaltene from a model oil solution. This adsorbent is synthesized via an eco-friendly template. The morphological nanocomposite was detected using Fourier transform infrared analysis, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, as well as Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. The batch experiments were developed using central composite design (CCD), which can optimize the most important parameters to maximize the removal percentage. An R-2 value of 0.95 was obtained from the regression analysis of the experiments, which showed close accordance between the experimental and the model data. On the basis of RSM, the removal efficiency of asphaltene was 90.35% with an predicted optimum of D/C = 0.072 [(g)(adsorbent)/(mg/L)(initial)] pH = 4.80, and temperature = 298 K. Isotherms were identified and verified using the factor R-L. The double exponential model was employed to evaluate the kinetics process. Additionally, the importance of asphaltene removal and financial analysis is appraised in regard to stock returns of oil and petrochemical companies after asphaltene removal.