期刊
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
卷 11, 期 10, 页码 2768-2783出版社
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c7ee03639f
关键词
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资金
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Incubator Program [DE-EE0006963]
- Netherlands Centre for Multiscale Catalytic Energy Conversion (MCEC), an NWO Gravitation programme - Ministry of Education, Culture and Science of the government of The Netherlands
- New York University, Tandon School of Engineering
- Dutch NanoNextNL programme - Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs
- Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0004993]
- European Commission's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) [306398]
- Labex Program (ArCANE) [ANR-11-LABX-0003-01]
- UK Solar Fuels Network
- Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs
- Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM), which is part of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) [13CO12-1]
- VILLUM FONDEN [9455]
- Nano-Tera Initiative [20NA21-145936]
- research programme of BioSolar Cells
- Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs [C4.E3]
- Dieptestrategie program from Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- Swiss National Science Foundation through the Starting Grant SCOUTS [155876]
- [NSF-CBET-1602886]
Solar-powered electrochemical production of hydrogen through water electrolysis is an active and important research endeavor. However, technologies and roadmaps for implementation of this process do not exist. In this perspective paper, we describe potential pathways for solar-hydrogen technologies into the marketplace in the form of photoelectrochemical or photovoltaic-driven electrolysis devices and systems. We detail technical approaches for device and system architectures, economic drivers, societal perceptions, political impacts, technological challenges, and research opportunities. Implementation scenarios are broken down into short-term and long-term markets, and a specific technology roadmap is defined. In the short term, the only plausible economical option will be photovoltaic-driven electrolysis systems for niche applications. In the long term, electrochemical solar-hydrogen technologies could be deployed more broadly in energy markets but will require advances in the technology, significant cost reductions, and/ or policy changes. Ultimately, a transition to a society that significantly relies on solar-hydrogen technologies will benefit from continued creativity and influence from the scientific community.
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