期刊
ENDOCRINE-RELATED CANCER
卷 25, 期 4, 页码 R225-R245出版社
BIOSCIENTIFICA LTD
DOI: 10.1530/ERC-17-0515
关键词
iodine; cancer; sodium iodide symporter (NIS); iodide transporters; iodine metabolism
资金
- Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad and European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) [SAF2015-69964-R, SAF2016-75531-R]
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III [PI12-01201]
- Fundacion Espanola Contra el Cancer [GCB14142311CRES]
- Programa de Biomedicina Comunidad de Madrid Grant [B2017/BMD-3724]
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III
Iodide (I-) metabolism is crucial for the synthesis of thyroid hormones (THs) in the thyroid and the subsequent action of these hormones in the organism. I- is principally transported by the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) and by the anion exchanger PENDRIN, and recent studies have demonstrated the direct participation of new transporters including anoctamin 1 (ANO1), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and sodium multivitamin transporter (SMVT). Several of these transporters have been found expressed in various tissues, implicating them in I- recycling. New research supports the exciting idea that I- participates as a protective antioxidant and can be oxidized to hypoiodite, a potent oxidant involved in the host defense against microorganisms. This was possibly the original role of I- in biological systems, before the appearance of TH in evolution. I- per se participates in its own regulation, and new evidence indicates that it may be antineoplastic, anti-proliferative and cytotoxic in human cancer. Alterations in the expression of I- transporters are associated with tumor development in a cancer-type-dependent manner and, accordingly, NIS, CFTR and ANO1 have been proposed as tumor markers. Radioactive iodide has been the mainstay adjuvant treatment for thyroid cancer for the last seven decades by virtue of its active transport by NIS. The rapid advancement of techniques that detect radioisotopes, in particular I-, has made NIS a preferred target-specific theranostic agent.
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