Proteomic profile in the mussel Perna viridis after short-term exposure to the brown tide alga Aureococcus anophagefferens

Blooms of Aureococcus anophagefferens, referred to as brown tides are responsible for massive mortalities and recruitment failure of some bivalves. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity remain elusive despite its biological significance, and the information currently available on the molecular effects is still insufficient. In this study, to evaluate the toxicity and associated mechanism of A. anophagefferens on bivalves, we analyzed the protein expression profiles in digestive glands of the A. anophagefferens-exposed Perna viridis by using iTRAQ. A total of 3138 proteins were identified in the digestive glands of A. anophagefferens-exposed P. viridis based on iTRAQ. Amongst, a repertoire of 236 proteins involved in cell, cell part, catalytic activity, metabolic process, biological regulation, immune system process, and response to stimulus were found to be differentially expressed. Functional analysis of the differentially expressed proteins demonstrated that innate immune system of P. viridis was activated, and some proteins associated with stress response and lipid metabolism were induced after exposure to A. anophagefferens. Additionally, MDA content, SOD activity and GSH-Px activity was increased significantly in the digestive gland of A. anophagefferens-exposed P. viridis. Taken together, our results indicated that the A. anophagefferens could induce oxidative stress, activate complement system and alter fat acid metabolism of P. viridis.