期刊
DIABETES
卷 67, 期 4, 页码 537-547出版社
AMER DIABETES ASSOC
DOI: 10.2337/dbi17-0040
关键词
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资金
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [R01 DK102950, R01 DK106412]
- National Institutes of Health Office [OT2 OD023852]
- JDRF [5-CDA-2014-198-A-N, 1-INO-2017-435-A-N]
- Diabetes UK R.D. Lawrence Fellowship [12/0004431]
- Diabetes UK [17/0005681]
- Wellcome Trust Institutional Support Award
- Medical Research Council [MR/N00275X/1]
- Horizon European Research Council research and innovation programme [715884]
- MRC [MR/N00275X/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [MR/N00275X/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- European Research Council (ERC) [715884] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
Insulin-secreting beta-cells are heterogeneous in their regulation of hormone release. While long known, recent technological advances and new markers have allowed the identification of novel subpopulations, improving our understanding of the molecular basis for heterogeneity. This includes specific subpopulations with distinct functional characteristics, developmental programs, abilities to proliferate in response to metabolic or developmental cues, and resistance to immune-mediated damage. Importantly, these subpopulations change in disease or aging, including in human disease. Although discovering new beta-cell subpopulations has substantially advanced our understanding of islet biology, a point of caution is that these characteristics have often necessarily been identified in single beta-cells dissociated from the islet. beta-Cells in the islet show extensive communication with each other via gap junctions and with other cell types via diffusible chemical messengers. As such, how these different subpopulations contribute to in situ islet function, including during plasticity, is not well understood. We will discuss recent findings revealing functional beta-cell subpopulations in the intact islet, the underlying basis for these identified subpopulations, and how these subpopulations may influence in situ islet function. Furthermore, we will discuss the outlook for emerging technologies to gain further insight into the role of subpopulations in in situ islet function.
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