期刊
DEVELOPMENT
卷 145, 期 5, 页码 -出版社
COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTD
DOI: 10.1242/dev.156166
关键词
Induced pluripotent stem cells; Disease modeling; Organoid; Organ-on-chip
资金
- National Institutes of Health [R01 HL130020, R01 HL123968, R01 HL126527, K01 HL135455]
- California Institute of Regenerative Medicine [RT3-07798, DR2A-05394]
- American Heart Association Postdoctoral Grant [16POST30960020]
- American Heart Association Scientist Development Grant [17SDG33660794]
- Stanford Translational Research and Applied Medicine scholar grant
The advent of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) presents unprecedented opportunities to model human diseases. Differentiated cells derived from iPSCs in two-dimensional (2D) monolayers have proven to be a relatively simple tool for exploring disease pathogenesis and underlying mechanisms. In this Spotlight article, we discuss the progress and limitations of the current 2D iPSC disease-modeling platform, as well as recent advancements in the development of human iPSC models that mimic in vivo tissues and organs at the three-dimensional (3D) level. Recent bioengineering approaches have begun to combine different 3D organoid types into a single '4D multi-organ system'. We summarize the advantages of this approach and speculate on the future role of 4D multi-organ systems in human disease modeling.
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