期刊
BRAIN CONNECTIVITY
卷 5, 期 8, 页码 461-475出版社
MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC
DOI: 10.1089/brain.2014.0266
关键词
APOE; Down syndrome; fMRI; resting state functional connectivity; Williams syndrome
资金
- Williams Syndrome Music Camp
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development
- Academy of Country Music's Lifting Lives program
- Vanderbilt Blair School of Music
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center Hobbs Discovery Grant
- Recruitment for Genetic Aging Research [P30 AG036445]
- Training Program on Genetic Variation and Human Phenotypes Training Grant [5T32 GM080178-06]
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute Clinical Neuroscience Scholars Program
- Vanderbilt/National Institute of Mental Health Neurogenomics Training grant [T32 MH65215]
- PhRMA Foundation Post-doctoral fellowship in Translational Medicine and Therapeutics
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences award [2UL1TR000445, 5003.1]
The emergence of resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) analysis, which examines temporal correlations of low-frequency (< 0.1 Hz) blood oxygen level-dependent signal fluctuations between brain regions, has dramatically improved our understanding of the functional architecture of the typically developing (TD) human brain. This study examined rsFC in Down syndrome (DS) compared with another neurodevelopmental disorder, Williams syndrome (WS), and TD. Ten subjects with DS, 18 subjects with WS, and 40 subjects with TD each participated in a 3-Tesla MRI scan. We tested for group differences (DS vs. TD, DS vs. WS, and WS vs. TD) in between- and within-network rsFC connectivity for seven functional networks. For the DS group, we also examined associations between rsFC and other cognitive and genetic risk factors. In DS compared with TD, we observed higher levels of between- network connectivity in 6 out 21 network pairs but no differences in within-network connectivity. Participants with WS showed lower levels of within-network connectivity and no significant differences in between- network connectivity relative to DS. Finally, our comparison between WS and TD controls revealed lower within-network connectivity in multiple networks and higher between-network connectivity in one network pair relative to TD controls. While preliminary due to modest sample sizes, our findings suggest a global difference in between- network connectivity in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders compared with controls and that such a difference is exacerbated across many brain regions in DS. However, this alteration in DS does not appear to extend to within-network connections, and therefore, the altered between- network connectivity must be interpreted within the framework of an intact intra-network pattern of activity. In contrast, WS shows markedly lower levels of within-network connectivity in the default mode network and somatomotor network relative to controls. These findings warrant further investigation using a task-based procedure that may help disentangle the relationship between brain function and cognitive performance across the spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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