期刊
CELL
卷 163, 期 3, 页码 571-582出版社
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.10.009
关键词
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资金
- European Research Council [269442]
- Marie Curie Actions of the European Union [300554]
- Villum Foundation [10120]
- University of Copenhagen
- Danish National Research Foundation
- Lundbeck Foundation
- National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology [1306489]
- Novo Nordisk Foundation [NNF14CC0001]
- European Research Council (ERC) [269442] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Div Of Biological Infrastructure [1306489] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Lundbeck Foundation [R38-2008-3048, R24-2008-2527, R70-2010-6286, R109-2012-9995, R155-2013-16338] Funding Source: researchfish
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research [PI Søren Brunak] Funding Source: researchfish
- Villum Fonden [00010120] Funding Source: researchfish
The bacteria Yersinia pestis is the etiological agent of plague and has caused human pandemics with millions of deaths in historic times. How and when it originated remains contentious. Here, we report the oldest direct evidence of Yersinia pestis identified by ancient DNA in human teeth from Asia and Europe dating from 2,800 to 5,000 years ago. By sequencing the genomes, we find that these ancient plague strains are basal to all known Yersinia pestis. We find the origins of the Yersinia pestis lineage to be at least two times older than previous estimates. We also identify a temporal sequence of genetic changes that lead to increased virulence and the emergence of the bubonic plague. Our results show that plague infection was endemic in the human populations of Eurasia at least 3,000 years before any historical recordings of pandemics.
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