Regulation of metal-metal interactions and chromic phenomena of multi-decker platinum complexes having π-systems

Double-decker platinum complexes with N-heteroaromatic ligands have attracted increasing interest due to their outstanding luminescent properties and rich redox behavior. In this review, the design principles and recent observations on luminescent and redox-active double-decker platinum complexes are discussed. Because these properties are precisely controlled by intra- and intermolecular Pt center dot center dot center dot Pt electronic interactions, double-decker platinum complexes have been also used to obtain phenomena driven by stimulus-responsive color and luminescence change, such as vapochromism, mechanochromism, thermochromism, and electrochromism. This review also summarizes chromic materials based on double-decker platinum complexes influenced by changes in the Pt center dot center dot center dot Pt electronic interactions. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.