期刊
CLIMATE CHANGE ECONOMICS
卷 6, 期 4, 页码 -出版社
WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD
DOI: 10.1142/S2010007815500190
关键词
Carbon pricing; co-benefits; air pollution; fuel taxes; top 20 emitters
This paper calculates, for the top 20 emitting countries, how much pricing of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions would be in their own national interests due to domestic co-benefits (leaving aside the global climate benefits). On average, second-best domestic prices are substantial, $57.5 per ton of CO2 (for year 2010), reflecting primarily health co-benefits from reduced air pollution at coal plants and, in some cases, reductions in automobile externalities net of fuel taxes/subsidies. Pricing co-benefits reduces CO2 emissions from the top 20 emitters by 13.5%. However, co-benefits vary dramatically across countries (e.g., with population exposure to pollution) and differentiated pricing of CO2 emissions therefore yields higher net benefits (by 23%) than uniform pricing. Importantly, the efficiency case for pricing carbon's co-benefits hinges critically on weak prospects (for the foreseeable future) for comprehensive internalization of other externalities through other (more efficient) pricing instruments.
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