Reliability analysis of stability against piping and sliding in diversion dams, considering four cutoff wall configurations

The stability against piping and sliding, which is subject to numerous sources of uncertainty, is of great importance in the design of diversion dams. In this study, the performance of four cutoff wall configurations, including a single wall and two walls with half the length of the single wall, was evaluated stochastically using the random finite element method. The Cholesky decomposition technique in conjunction with three types of Auto-Correlation Function (ACF) was employed to generate numerous random fields. The results indicate that the probabilities of failure related to different cutoff wall configurations are similar, considering isotropic hydraulic conductivity. However, there are noticeable differences between the probabilities of failure of these configurations in anisotropic situations. Moreover, the use of a single cutoff wall on the upstream face of an impervious blanket provides the lowest probability of failure for piping. In addition, the exponential ACF ends up with greater exit hydraulic gradients than the second-order Markov and binary noise ACFs. In addition, the sliding stability of the ordinary and earthquake load combinations was examined stochastically using random field theory and Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS). The probability of failure appears to increase with an increase in the autocorrelation distance.