Relationship Between Atrasentan Concentrations and Urinary Albumin to Creatinine Ratio in Western and Japanese Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy

Purpose: The objective of the current analyses was to characterize the pharmacokinetic properties of atrasentan and the exposure-response relationships for the efficacy end point, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR), and the treatment-emergent adverse event, peripheral edema, during 8 or 12 weeks of treatment. Methods: Results from 3 Phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies (N = 257) were used for the population pharmacokinetic and exposure-response models. Concentration-time and response data for efficacy and tolerability were analyzed using a nonlinear mixed-effects population analysis and logistic regression approaches. Findings: The pharmacokinetic data were adequately described by a 2-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination. After weight was accounted for, no clinically meaningful differences were found in CL/F or V-d/F of the central compartment between Western and Japanese patients. Exposure-response analyses confirmed the efficacy of atrasentan in reducing UACR, with an estimated decrease in UACR of >= 37% when the atrasentan dose was 0.75 mg or higher. No significant association between atrasentan exposure and the rate of edema was identified at atrasentan doses of 0.5, 0.75, and 1.25 mg. The rates of peripheral edema were comparable in patients receiving active treatment and placebo. (C) 2018 Elsevier HS Journals, Inc. All rights reserved.