期刊
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
卷 67, 期 12, 页码 1803-1814出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy378
关键词
gram-negative bacteria; antimicrobial resistance; mortality
资金
- National Institutes of Health Intramural Research Program of the Clinical Center
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality [K08HS025008]
- National Cancer Institute [HHSN261200800001E]
Background. Resistance to all first-line antibiotics necessitates the use of less effective or more toxic reserve agents. Gram-negative bloodstream infections (GNBSIs) harboring such difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) may have higher mortality than phenotypes that allow for >= 1 active first-line antibiotic. Methods. The Premier Database was analyzed for inpatients with select GNBSIs. DTR was defined as intermediate/resistant in vitro to all beta-lactam categories, including carbapenems and fluoroquinolones. Prevalence and aminoglycoside resistance of DTR episodes were compared with carbapenem-resistant, extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant, and fluoroquinolone-resistant episodes using CDC definitions. Predictors of DTR were identified. The adjusted relative risk (aRR) of mortality was examined for DTR, CDC-defined phenotypes susceptible to >= 1 first-line agent, and graded loss of active categories. Results. Between 2009-2013, 471 (1%) of 45 011 GNBSI episodes at 92 (53.2%) of 173 hospitals exhibited DTR, ranging from 0.04% for Escherichia coli to 18.4% for Acinetobacter baumannii. Among patients with DTR, 79% received parenteral aminoglycosides, tigecycline, or colistin/polymyxin-B; resistance to all aminoglycosides occurred in 33%. Predictors of DTR included urban healthcare and higher baseline illness. Crude mortality for GNBSIs with DTR was 43%; aRR was higher for DTR than for carbapenem-resistant (1.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-1.4; P=.02), extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant (1.2; 1.1-1.4; P=.001), or fluoroquinolone-resistant (1.2; 1.0-1.4; P=.008) infections. The mortality aRR increased 20% per graded loss of active first-line categories, from 3-5 to 1-2 to 0. Conclusion. Nonsusceptibility to first-line antibiotics is associated with decreased survival in GNBSIs. DTR is a simple bedside prognostic measure of treatment-limiting coresistance.
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