期刊
CHEMICAL REVIEWS
卷 118, 期 19, 页码 9642-9677出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00176
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资金
- JST [JPMJPR14K6]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [IRTG 2027, SFB 858]
Complexes bearing protic N-heterocyclic carbenes (protic NHCs, pNHCs), defined as cyclic carbenes stabilized by two heteroatoms including at least one NH group, have been less explored in comparison to the conventional N,N'-disubstituted NHCs. The small and reactive NH group of the pNHCs differentiates this class of compounds from the classical NR,NR-NHCs with regard to their properties and reactivity. While the free pNHCs have so far eluded isolation due to isomerization to the azole tautomer, a significant number of transition-metal pNHC complexes have by now been prepared by a variety of methods. This article reviews the coordination chemistry of the pNHCs. Synthetic approaches toward complexes of pNHCs are first described, followed by a discussion of the properties and reactivity of pNHC complexes with emphasis on the Bronsted-acidic nature of the NH wingtip. Involvement of the pNHC ligands in catalytically active intermediates and in cooperative catalysis is also discussed.
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