Room-temperature film formation of metal halide perovskites on n-type metal oxides: the catalysis of ZnO on perovskite crystallization

We investigate the effect of commonly used solution-processed TiOx, SnO2 and ZnO interlayers on the perovskite film crystallization process. We find that the ZnO/perovskite interface can efficiently catalyze the perovskite crystallization even without thermal annealing.