11.5% efficiency of TiO2 protected and Pt catalyzed n+np+-Si photocathodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting: manipulating the Pt distribution and Pt/Si contact

A combination of hydrogen passivation, electroless deposition of a Pt catalyst and coating a TiO2 protective layer leads to an unprecedented 11.5% energy conversion efficiency and one-week stability of an n(+)np(+)-Si photocathode for solar water splitting.