期刊
CARBON
卷 134, 期 -, 页码 183-188出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2018.03.092
关键词
-
资金
- European Union's Horizon research and innovation program [696656]
- University of Rome Tor Vergata [E82F16000510005]
In this work we shed light on the early stage of the chemical vapor deposition of graphene on Ge(001) surfaces. By a combined use of m-Raman and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, and scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, we were able to individuate a carbon precursor phase to graphene nucleation which coexists with small graphene domains. This precursor phase is made of C aggregates with different size, shape and local ordering which are not fully sp(2) hybridized. In some atomic size regions these aggregates show a linear arrangement of atoms as well as the first signature of the hexagonal structure of graphene. The carbon precursor phase evolves in graphene domains through an ordering process, associated to a re-arrangement of the Ge surface morphology. This surface structuring represents the embryo stage of the hills-and-valleys faceting featured by the Ge(001) surface for longer deposition times, when the graphene domains coalesce to form a single layer graphene film. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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