Recent Developments in Sex-Related Differences in Presentation, Prognosis, and Management of Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most prevalent type of heart disease among women and men. Sex-related differences in the presentation, prognosis, and management of patients with CAD has been increasingly studied. Compared with men, women are more likely to present with multiple comorbidities, have a higher prevalence of psychological risk factors, and present with atypical symptoms. These factors, along with delays in seeking medical attention, might contribute to sex-related treatment differences in women with stable angina and acute coronary syndrome. This review article highlights recent evidence examining sex-related differences in stable CAD patients with obstructive CAD, nonobstructive CAD, as well as myocardial infarction.