Effects of green coffee extract supplementation on anthropometric indices, glycaemic control, blood pressure, lipid profile, insulin resistance and appetite in patients with the metabolic syndrome: a randomised clinical trial

This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of decaffeinated green coffee bean extract (GCE) on anthropometric indices, glycaemic control, blood pressure, lipid profile, insulin resistance and appetite in patients with the metabolic syndrome (Mets). Subjects were randomly allocated to consume 400 mg GCE or placebo capsules twice per d for 8 weeks. Both groups were advised to follow an energy balanced diet. After GCE supplementation, systolic blood pressure (SBP) significantly reduced compared with the placebo group (-13.76 (SD 8.48) v. -6.56 (SD 9.58) mmHg, P = 0.01). Also, GCE treatment significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBS) (-5.15 (SD 60.22) v. 29.42 (SD 40.01) mg/dl (-0.28 (SD 3.34) v. 1.63 (SD 2.22) mmol/l); P = 0.03) and homoeostatic model of assessment of insulin resistance in comparison to placebo (-1.41 (SD 3.33) v. 1.23 (SD 3.84), P = 0.02). In addition, waist circumference (-2.40 (SD 2.54) v. -0.66 (SD 1.17) cm, P = 0.009) and appetite score (-1.44 (SD 1.72) v. -0.2 (SD 1.32), P = 0.01) of the individuals supplemented with GCE indicated a significant decline. Besides, weight and BMI reduction in the intervention group was almost twice as much as the placebo group; however, this discrepancy was marginally significant (weight: -2.08 (SD 2.11) v. -0.92 (SD 1.30) kg, P = 0.05). No difference was observed in terms of glycated Hb (HbA1c) percentage and lipid profile parameters between the two groups. To sum up, GCE administration had an ameliorating effect on some of the Mets components such as high SBP, high FBS and Mets main aetiological factors including insulin resistance and abdominal obesity. Furthermore, GCE supplementation could reduce appetite level.