Ipomoea batatas L. Lam. ameliorates acute and chronic inflammations by suppressing inflammatory mediators, a comprehensive exploration using in vitro and in vivo models

Background: Ipomoea batatas L Lam. is a functional food and belongs to family Convolvulaceae. It is used as an antiinflammatory, aphrodisiac, antiasthmatic, anticonvalescent, antitumor, antanemic and antidiabetic agent by local communities. This study has been planned to evaluate its antiinflammatory and antiarthritic potentials. Methods: Dry powder of L batatas tuber and roots were extracted with ethyl acetate (IPT-EA, IPR-EA) and methanol (IPT-M, IPR-M), respectively. These extracts were tested for total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC), HPLC finger printing, multidimensional in vitro and in vivo antioxidant potential and albumin denaturation inhibition. Carrageenan-induced paw edema, croton oil-induced ear and anal edema inhibition and Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-induced antiarthritic assays were executed at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight on Sprague-Dawley rats. Serum levels of interleukins IL-1 beta and IL-6 and nitric oxide (NO) were assessed to measure the inhibition of inflammation. Results: Maximal TPC (319.81 +/- 14.20 pg GAE/mg dry extract) and TFC (208.77 +/- 9.09 pg QE/mg DE) were estimated in IPR-EA extract. IPT-EA and IPR-EA yielded the maximum amounts of rutin (7.3 +/- 1.12 and 4.5 +/- 0.55), caffeic acid (1.60 +/- 025 and 2.17 +/- 0.26) and myricetin (2.7 +/- 0.14 and 1.01 +/- 0.08 pg/mg DE), respectively in HPLC-DAD analysis. All extracts showed dose dependent response in in vitro antioxidant assays. Best inhibition (76.92 +/- 3.07%) of albumin denaturation was shown by IPT-EA in comparison to ibuprofen (79.48 +/- 4.71%). IPR-EA exhibited highest edema inhibition in models of carrageenan-induced paw edema (79.11 +/- 5.47%) and croton oil-induced ear and anal edema (72.01 +/- 7.80% and 70.80 +/- 4.94%, respectively). Significant inhibition of CFA-induced arthritic edema and arthritic score were observed by IPR-EA as compared to ibuprofen. Suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 beta, IL-6) and NO levels was shown by IPR-EA and IPT-EA, respectively. Conclusion: These results depict that richness of polyphenols and phytoconstituents in I. batatas ameliorates oxidative stress and inflammation of acute and chronic nature. Dose dependent antioxidant potential and inhibition of inflammatory edema, pro-inflammatory cytokines and hematological, biochemical and histological changes prove I. batatas therapeutic potential as an antiinflammatory and antiarthritic agent.