期刊
PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
卷 27, 期 1, 页码 25-33出版社
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/0956797615604124
关键词
observational aversive learning; social conditioning; skin conductance; emotions; expressions; open data
资金
- National Institute of Health [MH076137]
- Independent Starting Grant (ELSI) from European Research Council [284366]
- European Research Council (ERC) [284366] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
Empathy and vicarious learning of fear are increasingly understood as separate phenomena, but the interaction between the two remains poorly understood. We investigated how social (vicarious) fear learning is affected by empathic appraisals by asking participants to either enhance or decrease their empathic responses to another individual (the demonstrator), who received electric shocks paired with a predictive conditioned stimulus. A third group of participants received no appraisal instructions and responded naturally to the demonstrator. During a later test, participants who had enhanced their empathy evinced the strongest vicarious fear learning as measured by skin conductance responses to the conditioned stimulus in the absence of the demonstrator. Moreover, this effect was augmented in observers high in trait empathy. Our results suggest that a demonstrator's expression can serve as a social unconditioned stimulus (US), similar to a personally experienced US in Pavlovian fear conditioning, and that learning from a social US depends on both empathic appraisals and the observers' stable traits.
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