Influence of catalysts on co-combustion of sewage sludge and water hyacinth blends as determined by TG-MS analysis

Effects of the three metal carbonates (K2CO3, Na2CO3, and MgCO3) were quantified on catalytic co-combustion of the sewage sludge and water hyacinth (SW) blend using a thermogravimetric-mass spectrometric (TG-MS) analysis and kinetics modeling. The main dominating steps of the catalysts were the organic volatile matter release and combustion stage. Weighted mean values of activation energy (E-m) were estimated at 181.18 KJ . mol(-1), 199.76 KJ . mol(-1), 138.76 KJ . mol(-1), and 177.88 KJ . mol(-1) for SW, SW + 5% K2CO3, SW + 5% Na2CO3, and SW+ 5% MgCO3, respectively. The lowest E-m occurred with SW+ 5% Na(2)CO3. Overall, catalyst effect on co-combustion appeared to be negligible as indicated by Gibbs free energy (Delta G). The normalized intensities of SW+ MgCO3 were strongest. The addition of Na2CO3 and MgCO3 to SW increased flue gases emissions (CO2, NO2, SO2, HCN, and NH3) of SW, whereas the addition of K2CO3 to SW reduced flue gases emissions from the entire combustion process.