期刊
CALIFORNIA MANAGEMENT REVIEW
卷 58, 期 3, 页码 88-108出版社
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1525/cmr.2016.58.3.88
关键词
Business Models; Product Life Cycle; Consumers; Vertical Integration; Sustainability
Driven by recent socio-economic developments, manufacturing firms increasingly adapt their business models along two dimensions. Apart from vertically integrating the entire product life cycle, traditionally separated tasks are re-allocated into new forms of horizontal stakeholder collaborations. Incorporating these two dimensions, this article develops a framework of nine business model archetypes that holistically capture the increasing openness of business models towards consumers in the emerging closed-loop value chain. Using illustrative examples, it demonstrates their broad applicability in different industries and derives important managerial implications for firm-consumer relationships, the relevance of consumer communities, new product development activities, and the sustainability of business models.
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