期刊
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
卷 85, 期 2, 页码 172-181出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.06.023
关键词
Amygdala; Cortisol; Infancy; Internalizing; Pregnancy; Resting state functional connectivity MRI
资金
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [R01 HD060628]
- National Institute of Mental Health [R01 MH091351]
- NIH Office of the Director [UG3 OD023349 02, K99 MH111805]
- Gates Foundation Grand Challenges Explorations [R00 MH091238, R01 MH096773]
BACKGROUND: Maternal cortisol during pregnancy has the potential to influence rapidly developing fetal brain systems that are commonly altered in neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Research examining maternal cortisol concentrations across pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopment proximal to birth is needed to advance understanding in this area and lead to insight into the etiology of these disorders. METHODS: Participants were 70 adult women recruited during early pregnancy and their infants born after 34 weeks gestation. Maternal cortisol concentrations were assessed serially over 4 days in early, mid, and late gestation. Resting state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging of the neonatal amygdala was examined. Mothers reported on children's internalizing behavior problems at 24 months of age. RESULTS: Maternal cortisol concentrations during pregnancy were significantly associated with neonatal amygdala connectivity in a sex-specific manner. Elevated maternal cortisol was associated with stronger amygdala connectivity to brain regions involved in sensory processing and integration, as well as the default mode network in girls, and with weaker connectivity to these brain regions in boys. Elevated maternal cortisol was associated with higher internalizing symptoms in girls only, and this association was mediated by stronger neonatal amygdala connectivity. CONCLUSIONS: Normative variation in maternal cortisol during pregnancy is associated with the coordinated functioning of the amygdala soon after birth in a sex-specific manner. The identified pathway from maternal cortisol to higher internalizing symptoms in girls via alterations in neonatal amygdala connectivity may be relevant for the etiology of sex differences in internalizing psychiatric disorders, which are more prevalent in women.
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