Vitamin D and systemic lupus erythematosus - The hype and the hope

Over the past 20 years, much has been written about the potential role of vitamin Din on adverse health outcomes. In recent years, evidence has accumulated regarding the effect of vitamin D on the immune system, and its different cells. Some studies have noted lower vitamin D concentrations in patients with SLE. These epidemiological data still not answer the question: is vitamin D deficiency the cause or the effect? To answer this, we will discuss the association between vitamin D deficiency and SLE and review the evidence from interventional studies. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V.