期刊
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
卷 92, 期 2, 页码 557-569出版社
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2152-9
关键词
3D in vitro models; Heart; Skin; Liver
类别
资金
- EPSRC [EP/N014499/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- MRC [MR/L006758/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [MR/L006758/1] Funding Source: Medline
- Medical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science [Grant G0700654] Funding Source: Medline
- National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research [G1100600/1] Funding Source: Medline
- Innovative Medicines Initiative SafeSciMET [115012] Funding Source: Medline
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/N014499/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [1610737] Funding Source: researchfish
- National Centre for the Replacement [G1100600/1] Funding Source: researchfish
The development of improved, innovative models for the detection of toxicity of drugs, chemicals, or chemicals in cosmetics is crucial to efficiently bring new products safely to market in a cost-effective and timely manner. In addition, improvement in models to detect toxicity may reduce the incidence of unexpected post-marketing toxicity and reduce or eliminate the need for animal testing. The safety of novel products of the pharmaceutical, chemical, or cosmetics industry must be assured; therefore, toxicological properties need to be assessed. Accepted methods for gathering the information required by law for approval of substances are often animal methods. To reduce, refine, and replace animal testing, innovative organotypic in vitro models have emerged. Such models appear at different levels of complexity ranging from simpler, self-organized three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures up to more advanced scaffold-based co-cultures consisting of multiple cell types. This review provides an overview of recent developments in the field of toxicity testing with in vitro models for three major organ types: heart, skin, and liver. This review also examines regulatory aspects of such models in Europe and the UK, and summarizes best practices to facilitate the acceptance and appropriate use of advanced in vitro models.
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