Nutritional recovery from a low-protein diet during pregnancy does not restore the kinetics of insulin secretion and Ca2+ or alterations in the CAMP/PKA and PLC/PKC pathways in islets from adult rats

We investigated the insulin release induced by glucose, the Ca2+ oscillatory pattern, and the cyclic AMP (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) and phospholipase C (PLC)/protein kinase C (PKC) pathways in islets from adult rats that were reared under diets with 17% protein (C) or 6% protein (LP) during gestation, suckling, and after weaning and in rats receiving diets with 6% protein during gestation and 17% protein after birth (R). First-phase glucose-induced insulin secretion was reduced in LP and R islets, and the second phase was partially restored in the R group. Glucose stimulation did not modify intracellular Ca2+ concentration, but it reduced the Ca2+ oscillatory frequency in the R group compared with the C group. Intracellular cAMP concentration was higher and PKA-C alpha expression was lower in the R and LP groups compared with the C group. The PKC alpha content in islets from R rats was lower than that in C and LP rats. Thus, nutritional recovery from a low-protein diet during fetal life did not repair the kinetics of insulin release, impaired Ca2+ handling, and altered the cAMP/PKA and PLC/PKC pathways.