期刊
EXPERT REVIEW OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
卷 11, 期 3, 页码 409-418出版社
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1586/1744666X.2015.1012158
关键词
local reactions; LPS challenge; LPS inhalation; safety; side effects; systemic reactions
类别
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a constituent of the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria and an important microbial trigger that stimulates innate immunity. It is ubiquitous; it can be inoculated from the environment via inhalation of dust. The resultant inflammatory responses are essential to early host defense but may also contribute to later and/or chronic organ injury. LPS challenge either intravenously or by inhalation has been widely used for the evaluation of anti-inflammatory reagents as well as to address basic scientific questions. The acute inhalation of LPS is used as a model of acute bronchitis in human volunteers. LPS inhalation is considered a well-established method that is safe and tolerable and aids in the improved characterization of anti-inflammatory drugs in proof-of-concept studies. This article reviews immunogenicity and safety data pertaining to LPS administration, with a particular focus on LPS inhalation, which may facilitate the optimization of its use in human research.
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