The Challenge of Controlling the COPD Epidemic: Unmet Needs

Many unmet needs still remain in the assessment and treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), particularly in relation to its under-and misdiagnosis, which lead to under-and mistreatment. This paucity of knowledge about the importance and presence of COPD, as well as its treatment, is seen among patients and carers as well as health care providers. This review considers areas of key educational need, including the clinical characteristics of COPD; factors that contribute to the disease, effective diagnosis, and clinical management of patients; and the implementation of treatment guidelines. As COPD remains the third most frequent cause of death in the world, researchers must continue to expand the scope and reach of their efforts to improve outcomes of this debilitating disease. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.