期刊
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
卷 257, 期 -, 页码 103-112出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2018.01.022
关键词
Estrogens; Wastewater irrigation; Vernal pools; Reducing conditions; Water quality
资金
- Penn State University (PSU) Institutes of Energy and the Environment (IEE)
- Penn State Office of Physical Plant (OPP)
- USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Federal Appropriations [PEN04574, 1004448]
- Brazil Scientific Mobility Grant
- Penn State's College of Engineering Undergraduate Research Program
- Penn State's College of Agricultural Sciences Undergraduate Research Program
- NIFA [811557, 1004448] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER
Planned beneficial re-use of water has become an increasingly common conservation practice worldwide, sparking questions about the degree of water treatment needed to mitigate negative environmental impacts. Since the early 1980s, as an alternative to surface discharge, the Pennsylvania State University has spray-irrigated all of its treated wastewater effluent via land application onto an environmental setting known as the Living Filter site (similar to 245 ha). The impacts of spray irrigation on nearby ephemeral wetlands, known as vernal pools, were explored. The pools gain water from both natural rainfall and spray-irrigation of the University's treated wastewater. The occurrence and persistence of estrogens in three vernal pools were quantified by analyzing > 137 water samples collected from the pools over an eight-week period coincident with the development period of native amphibian larvae. Additionally, dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential, water level, water temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, and rainfall data were measured continuously throughout the study period within each pool. Further, the treated wastewater effluent was sampled during each weekly spray-irrigation event. Estrone was detected in nearly 100% of the vernal pool samples, with concentrations up to 6.2 ng L-1. Additionally, 17 alpha-estradiol was not detected in the wastewater effluent, but was present in 52% of the vernal pool samples. 17 beta-estradiol, estriol, and 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol were detected in fewer than 10% of the vernal pool samples. The findings of this research have important implications for management practices that can help protect these critical habitats.
作者
我是这篇论文的作者
点击您的名字以认领此论文并将其添加到您的个人资料中。
推荐
暂无数据