期刊
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES
卷 226, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
IOP Publishing Ltd
DOI: 10.3847/0067-0049/226/1/7
关键词
catalogs; planets and satellites: fundamental parameters; planets and satellites: general; techniques: high angular resolution; techniques: photometric; techniques: spectroscopic
资金
- NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program
- NASA through a Hubble Fellowship - Space Telescope Science Institute
- NASA [NAS 5-26555, NNH14CK55B]
- National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [2014184874]
- FONDECYT [1130857]
- BASAL CATA [PFB-06]
- Ministry for the Economy, Development, and Tourism's Programa Iniciativa Cientifica Milenio [IC 120009]
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- National Science Foundation [AST-0906060, AST-0960343, AST-1207891]
- Mt. Cuba Astronomical Foundation
- Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
- Heidelberg
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching
- Johns Hopkins University
- Durham University
- University of Edinburgh
- Queen's University Belfast
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
- Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network Incorporated
- National Central University of Taiwan
- Space Telescope Science Institute
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX08AR22G]
- University of Maryland
- Eotvos Lorand University (ELTE)
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1616648] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Astronomical Sciences [1616648] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
We present 197 planet candidates discovered using data from the first year of the NASA K2 mission (Campaigns 0-4), along with the results of an intensive program of photometric analyses, stellar spectroscopy, high-resolution imaging, and statistical validation. We distill these candidates into sets of 104 validated planets (57 in multi-planet systems), 30 false positives, and 63 remaining candidates. Our validated systems span a range of properties, with median values of R-P = 2.3 R-circle plus, P = 8.6 days, T-eff = 5300 K, and Kp = 12.7 mag. Stellar spectroscopy provides precise stellar and planetary parameters for most of these systems. We show that K2 has increased by 30% the number of small planets known to orbit moderately bright stars (1-4 R-circle plus, Kp = 9-13. mag). Of particular interest are 76 planets smaller than 2 R-circle plus, 15 orbiting stars brighter than Kp = 11.5. mag, 5 receiving Earth-like irradiation levels, and several multi-planet systems-including 4 planets orbiting the M dwarf K2-72 near mean-motion resonances. By quantifying the likelihood that each candidate is a planet we demonstrate that our candidate sample has an overall false positive rate of 15%-30%, with rates substantially lower for small candidates (<2 R-circle plus) and larger for candidates with radii >8 R-circle plus and/or with P < 3 days. Extrapolation of the current planetary yield suggests that K2 will discover between 500 and 1000 planets in its planned four-year mission, assuming sufficient follow-up resources are available. Efficient observing and analysis, together with an organized and coherent follow-up strategy, are essential for maximizing the efficacy of planet-validation efforts for K2, TESS, and future large-scale surveys.
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