Getting the most from the detection of Galactic supernova neutrinos in future large liquid-scintillator detectors

Future large liquid-scintillator detectors can be implemented to observe neutrinos from a core-collapse supernova in our Galaxy in various reaction channels: (1) the inverse beta decay (nu) over bar (e) + p -> n + e(+), (2) the elastic neutrino-proton scattering nu + p -> nu + p, (3) the elastic neutrino-electron scattering nu + e(-) -> nu + e(-), (4) the charged-current (nu) over bar (e) interaction nu(e) + C-12 -> e(-) + N-12, (5) the charged-current (nu) over bar (e) interaction (nu) over bar (e) + C-12 -> e(+) + B-12, and (6) the neutral-current interaction nu + C-12 -> nu + C-12*. The less abundant C-13 atoms in the liquid scintillator are also considered as a target, and both the charged-current interaction nu(e) + C-13 -> e(-) + N-13 and the neutral-current interaction nu + C-13 -> nu + C-13* are taken into account. In this work, we show for the first time that a global analysis of all these channels at a single liquid-scintillator detector, such as Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory, is very important to test the average-energy hierarchy of supernova neutrinos and how the total energy is partitioned among neutrino flavors. In addition, the dominant channels for reconstructing neutrino spectra and the impact of other channels are discussed in great detail.