Walnut-Like Multicore-Shell MnO Encapsulated Nitrogen-Rich Carbon Nanocapsules as Anode Material for Long-Cycling and Soft-Packed Lithium-Ion Batteries

Metal oxide-based nanomaterials are widely studied because of their high-energy densities as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries. However, the fast capacity degradation resulting from the large volume expansion upon lithiation hinders their practical application. In this work, the preparation of walnut-like multicore-shell MnO encapsulated nitrogen-rich carbon nanocapsules (MnO@NC) is reported via a facile and eco-friendly process for long-cycling Li-ion batteries. In this hybrid structure, MnO nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed inside carbon nanoshells, which can simultaneously act as a conductive framework and also a protective buffer layer to restrain the volume variation. The MnO@NC nanocapsules show remarkable electrochemical performances for lithium-ion batteries, exhibiting high reversible capability (762 mAh g(-1) at 100 mA g(-1)) and stable cycling life (624 mAh g(-1) after 1000 cycles at 1000 mA g(-1)). In addition, the soft-packed full batteries based on MnO@NC nanocapsules anodes and commercial LiFePO4 cathodes present good flexibility and cycling stability.