TGF-β Superfamily Signaling in Muscle and Tendon Adaptation to Resistance Exercise

Numerous studies in muscle and tendon have identified a central role of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of cytokines in the regulation of extracellular matrix growth and remodeling, protein degradation, and cell proliferation and differentiation. We provide a novel framework for TGF-beta and myostatin signaling in controlling the coordinated adaptation of both skeletal muscle and tendon tissue to resistance training.